{"id":"W2161176359","doi":"10.1145/2535813.2535822","title":"Explicit authentication response considered harmful","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Computer science; Computer security; Password; Multi-factor authentication; Authentication (law); Botnet; CAPTCHA; Authentication protocol; World Wide Web; The Internet","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003426619,0.0000841193,0.00009379053,0.00009978485,0.00008048511,0.0003308739,0.0005269218,0.00004145029,0.0006009535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001132096,0.00007238329,0.00004112933,0.0002143272,0.00002012299,0.0005895925,0.0001002767,0.00005041478,0.005582304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002197628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004224386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007858544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003796202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989595,0.0001640816,0.0002348898,0.000260525,0.0002030199,0.0001779572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987968,0.0001578939,0.00006028633,0.0007129538,0.0001571945,0.0001149056],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002626103,0.0003024625,0.001489702,0.00002741346,0.00005141251,0.000005277649,0.1017255,5.71703e-7,0.1215979,0.6948609,0.06823615,0.01167642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001454855,0.0001549903,0.1253705,0.00003900213,0.00001345163,0.00008294403,0.00152738,0.6927153,0.0366503,0.07169036,0.06941527,0.0008856566],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6545299,0.00003820756,0.3095334,0.02961256,0.00042163,0.0006509795,8.299623e-7,0.0007044311,0.004508069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877645,0.000001188098,0.003925218,0.001074278,0.00001670966,0.0000753799,0.00000124842,0.000005225873,0.00713626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6927148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.995192,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01453932785394114,"score_gpt":0.2255435394633617,"score_spread":0.2110042116094205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}