{"id":"W2161200651","doi":"10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062403.102238","title":"ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE AND SECURITY","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Environment and Resources","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Critical infrastructure; Guard (computer science); Resilience (materials science); Computer security; Energy supply; Safeguarding; Energy security; Business; Workaround; Environmental economics; Decentralization; Risk analysis (engineering); Computer science; Renewable energy; Engineering; Energy (signal processing); Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001961094,0.0001288549,0.0002551241,0.00003065625,0.00007871691,0.00000881461,0.0001013735,0.00007615456,0.0001520592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005261743,0.00009408643,0.00005227923,0.00006716639,0.0003408799,0.00007482011,0.0001661559,0.00009453597,0.000002304804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000254873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000115111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004796083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001769492,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990735,0.00007645784,0.0002137251,0.000219608,0.0002247274,0.0001919934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999596,0.00003423797,0.00005762382,0.0001822081,0.00001812296,0.0001118079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001365883,0.0002940314,0.0055147,0.01032707,0.0001987739,0.00005478152,0.005010643,0.0009506393,0.0002660248,0.2610576,0.001037344,0.7151518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003129097,0.0001506014,0.005481596,0.0005929875,0.0000262204,0.00001394622,0.0006503134,0.000005873721,0.0001796043,0.0360765,0.9563707,0.0001387148],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6813879,0.3046398,0.00001514048,0.001879431,0.0000201274,0.0001303248,0.00001806548,0.00001718867,0.01189197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7478796,0.2512769,0.00006847068,0.0004656201,0.00003289083,0.000007538423,0.000007919757,0.000006849242,0.0002542323],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9553334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3836733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003425467269941607,"score_gpt":0.2236209977124896,"score_spread":0.2201955304425479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}