{"id":"W2161496850","doi":"10.1890/06-1254.1","title":"WILLOW ON YELLOWSTONE'S NORTHERN RANGE: EVIDENCE FOR A TROPHIC CASCADE?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":146,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Willow; Ecology; Trophic cascade; Trophic level; Range (aeronautics); Biology; National park; Abiotic component; Habitat; Geography; Food web","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004240959,0.0001099753,0.0001144234,0.00002317416,0.0003487308,0.000009145943,0.000250165,0.0001575743,0.0031836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002533072,0.00009177841,0.00007497024,0.0002447381,0.0002871987,0.0000880525,0.00005537322,0.0001369799,0.002449253],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001776362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001245224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002328734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00109545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989854,0.00002772353,0.0002122577,0.00036114,0.0001233053,0.0002902467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998341,0.001217689,0.00008486168,0.0002422281,0.0000161596,0.00009805887],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003610915,0.001330236,0.9019276,0.00001335973,0.00003079737,0.00001039531,0.0002391411,0.001188013,0.002255179,0.006685949,0.04893399,0.03702419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002105016,0.0001999934,0.9285141,0.000003599583,0.00001375632,0.00000344509,0.00002828022,0.0001952184,0.00007695096,0.003853541,0.06677411,0.0001265209],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9731617,0.00001993723,0.01653127,0.004528411,0.00005945814,0.001363629,0.00002342842,0.0001064386,0.004205746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901496,0.000008661013,0.002976034,0.002983369,0.0001232242,0.001875924,0.0000270606,0.000009367262,0.001846771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03689766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03683046221684343,"score_gpt":0.2946254183459435,"score_spread":0.2577949561291,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}