{"id":"W2161550487","doi":"10.1109/tmtt.2004.827018","title":"Time-Domain Measurement of Negative Group Delay in Negative-Refractive-Index Transmission-Line Metamaterials","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","topic":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Transmission line; Metamaterial; Group delay and phase delay; Physics; Negative refraction; Optics; Pulse (music); Time domain; Group velocity; Classification of discontinuities; Electromagnetic pulse; Waveform; Transmission (telecommunications); Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Telecommunications; Quantum mechanics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003384931,0.0003244135,0.000608146,0.0002372545,0.0002049777,0.00004605131,0.000225388,0.0001635295,0.0004524833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002172462,0.0002682968,0.0001186907,0.000262829,0.0003856412,0.0002776444,0.000004367149,0.0001726379,0.00003109485],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001157781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007093233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000160285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005898881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974244,0.0007575831,0.0007167737,0.0004850827,0.0003150454,0.0003011095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988779,0.0002450212,0.0002709796,0.0003511122,0.0001466536,0.0001083338],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009383793,0.0004680788,2.669518e-7,0.00005219915,0.00004234322,0.00000330993,0.0007658451,0.0002295574,0.9901139,0.00248125,0.000004237164,0.004900706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000858598,0.0002925715,0.00001028243,0.0002106432,0.00007382524,0.00001337994,0.0001761341,0.000003339693,0.9297463,0.06816128,0.0002039496,0.0002497435],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5675887,0.00007569444,0.4312307,0.00007379148,0.00006223491,0.0006205035,0.00009529783,0.0001190545,0.0001340024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9603419,0.0002330004,0.03898619,0.00007271366,0.00001914358,0.0002658211,0.000002836396,0.00004274844,0.000035642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3927531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01724342413564915,"score_gpt":0.2618085875565083,"score_spread":0.2445651634208591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}