{"id":"W2161571084","doi":"10.5539/ibr.v7n10p22","title":"Do Institutional Investors Influence R&amp;D Investment Policy in Firms with High Information Asymmetry?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Business Research","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Institutional investor; Information asymmetry; Investment (military); Business; Stock (firearms); Value (mathematics); Enterprise value; Monetary economics; Investment decisions; Asymmetry; Economics; Finance; Corporate governance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001844097,0.0001074034,0.0002781497,0.0006510783,0.0002111235,0.001896149,0.000242186,0.0006794054,0.00201482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01165089,0.0001511595,0.0002024571,0.0006663266,0.0004669825,0.001248473,0.0005895349,0.0005167314,0.000299672],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006513654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006216511,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003792682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059386,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991894,0.0001989144,0.00006942522,0.00009218966,0.0001708449,0.0002792012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9683948,0.0103521,0.0184978,0.0006748982,0.0007315778,0.001348872],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001644157,0.0001446863,0.9797641,0.00003465,0.0001115982,0.0003250949,0.0001663091,0.001594713,0.001588354,0.003082764,0.0003225637,0.01270076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003301203,0.00009745331,0.9897394,0.00002246733,0.0000753461,0.0001464437,0.0006109093,0.00351915,0.001385232,0.002737381,0.001619437,0.0000137786],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936332,0.0003285166,0.0004448947,0.0007442258,0.00000573574,0.00001038497,0.0001107114,0.000009369729,0.004712969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999364,0.0001089259,0.00007188275,0.0000816281,0.00001158843,0.000001457393,0.00003783687,0.000001197755,0.0003215377],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003792682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009752631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03644084959880708,"score_gpt":0.2985408802312954,"score_spread":0.2621000306324883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}