{"id":"W2162514565","doi":"","title":"Embracing Big Data in Complex Educational Systems: The Learning Analytics Imperative and the Policy Challenge.","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research & Practice in Assessment","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Learning analytics; Accountability; Big data; Analytics; Knowledge management; Computer science; Data science; Process management; Engineering ethics; Political science; Business; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02011831,0.0001262501,0.0002196388,0.0003714237,0.0005292015,0.001067062,0.00159155,0.00004896856,0.000002561413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01310713,0.00007749132,0.00002071811,0.001249496,0.0003227465,0.0007528926,0.001508579,0.001927733,0.00001281965],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002342082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001166875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003047513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004081235,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99141,0.00620176,0.0003712579,0.000495015,0.00104888,0.0004730698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9822867,0.01600228,0.0001936153,0.001114976,0.0003174219,0.00008503261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002568912,0.0002083177,0.001566524,0.00004806371,0.00005057568,0.000009150985,0.003797465,0.01490762,0.00002455209,0.9531082,0.0003697752,0.02588408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005843012,0.00008459237,0.007398087,0.00007716518,0.000006748459,0.00002204087,0.006315809,0.9449914,4.251441e-7,0.009244316,0.03117912,0.0000959986],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005222269,0.00111033,0.02709751,0.9277617,0.0002203457,0.0007322953,0.000003637227,0.00003792961,0.03781404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948204,0.0008901051,0.002953465,0.0002594517,0.0006488951,0.00003476978,0.00001421946,0.00001006627,0.0003686739],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9895981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1973481088853298,"score_gpt":0.5143919194191474,"score_spread":0.3170438105338176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}