{"id":"W2163359302","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450810345","title":"CFD Simulation of Residence Time Distribution and Mixing in Bubble Column Reactors","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University Grants Commission","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Computational fluid dynamics; Residence time distribution; Bubble; Mechanics; Dispersion (optics); Materials science; Range (aeronautics); Residence time (fluid dynamics); Thermodynamics; Physics; Optics; Flow (mathematics); Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002941565,0.0003356508,0.0004873243,0.0003250191,0.0004564064,0.0005819355,0.0005403864,0.0008436164,0.001028836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007003389,0.0003600024,0.0004113759,0.0002367521,0.0004556878,0.000267766,0.0003302434,0.0004587214,0.0001785379],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00162712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001436584,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03632277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009412434,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998972,0.00001661466,0.000005035228,0.00001448916,0.00003510042,0.0000315707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996586,0.000189229,0.00003652797,0.00001501832,0.00006066693,0.00003996134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001079211,0.00004633027,0.002063288,0.00002036838,0.00001053684,0.00009783354,0.00003611062,0.9828524,0.01107412,0.001273964,0.0001686872,0.002248433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007298354,0.00001260144,0.000234702,0.000001198366,0.000001490398,0.000005499056,0.000002591352,0.9975827,0.001987879,0.00005091626,0.000109771,0.000003419946],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9027559,0.0002430926,0.08915257,0.0002286385,0.00004725068,0.00007526237,0.000550369,0.0005953525,0.006351501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900738,0.00008152593,0.008021425,0.00002217338,0.000004813079,0.00006038598,0.0001654132,0.00002553372,0.001544853],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03632277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07222271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00417812363297605,"score_gpt":0.1684020367508159,"score_spread":0.1642239131178399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}