{"id":"W2163492342","doi":"10.3138/cpp.33.3.315","title":"Estimating the Impact of Seat Belt Use on Traffic Fatalities: Empirical Evidence from Canada","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Seat belt; Legislation; Instrumental variable; Poison control; Demographic economics; Geography; Statistics; Engineering; Environmental health; Economics; Law; Mathematics; Political science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002139743,0.0001956672,0.0001952757,0.0002374032,0.0001575845,0.00007199884,0.0003740902,0.0000982027,0.00007865798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005749454,0.0001447021,0.00009070858,0.0005283778,0.00007863322,0.0002233739,0.00001499436,0.0002607087,0.000007089295],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002248175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006914363,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.996304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9970381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998538,0.00003137851,0.0002831786,0.0001645307,0.0002216232,0.0007612836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981427,0.0005274413,0.0000369572,0.0004181103,0.00004946933,0.0008252882],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001802416,0.00002370474,0.04247333,0.00005570291,0.00037423,0.0001252721,0.004713664,0.6870331,0.00003929045,0.0009097629,0.159891,0.1043429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002599659,0.00005189562,0.9028365,0.0001369173,0.00001683934,0.00002072575,0.0003381422,0.08768302,0.00004178912,0.00003937946,0.008141028,0.0004337851],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956729,0.0001613366,0.0001930238,0.001934984,0.0002268446,0.0001220116,0.000545532,0.00008465755,0.001058677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987365,0.000006200598,0.0001614294,0.0005199994,0.0004148917,0.000003488402,0.00004054506,0.00003223134,0.00008472457],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8603632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987155,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05556822011481641,"score_gpt":0.2932061699804769,"score_spread":0.2376379498656605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}