{"id":"W2163497615","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450810205","title":"Two‐Phase Bubbly Flow Structure in Large‐Diameter Vertical Pipes","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CANDU Owners Group","keywords":"Bubble; Porosity; Materials science; Mechanics; Two-phase flow; Void (composites); Flow (mathematics); Local Void; Composite material; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001647483,0.0003033781,0.0002962422,0.0007627542,0.0002119405,0.0003721586,0.0002279816,0.0002499429,0.0005176387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004432632,0.0002045654,0.00009068973,0.0002721276,0.000477198,0.0003782854,0.0002535847,0.0002072616,0.00006905891],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004802608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001991271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00163321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005240334,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999095,0.00001352562,0.000003245999,0.0000251377,0.00002849057,0.0000201603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996282,0.00009970554,0.00009443335,0.00001483676,0.0001051003,0.00005780704],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004193388,0.00007046038,0.004440432,0.00006275883,0.000008892492,0.0002364032,0.0001690191,0.006461497,0.982765,0.001018739,0.00006532219,0.004282065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002744655,0.0021718,0.1975595,0.00004194807,0.000046384,0.0005066313,0.0003834318,0.2971694,0.4965171,0.002951255,0.002255586,0.0001226336],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936873,0.0001000672,0.005694321,0.00001599546,0.000002818626,0.00001329753,0.00003706168,0.00008785489,0.0003611604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982321,0.00003222035,0.001366619,0.000005383924,0.00000377962,0.00001097089,0.00006023884,0.000007651297,0.0002810185],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00163321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003484607,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003516390923107084,"score_gpt":0.179910151725802,"score_spread":0.1763937608026949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}