{"id":"W2163711147","doi":"10.1006/jcec.2000.1650","title":"Which Enterprises (Believe They) Have Soft Budgets? Evidence on the Effects of Ownership and Decentralization in Mongolia","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Comparative Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Central government; Quarter (Canadian coin); Government (linguistics); Instrumental variable; State ownership; Business; Multivariate probit model; Local government; State (computer science); Economics; Public economics; Market economy; Finance; Geography; Emerging markets; Political science; Public administration; Econometrics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004228095,0.000188503,0.0003433862,0.0007713248,0.001066634,0.001177161,0.0006637112,0.0006439448,0.003483624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009684593,0.0002500921,0.0002383919,0.001305609,0.002227725,0.001633979,0.001081603,0.0005467659,0.0001804131],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001967448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001744854,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06739391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08375219,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984177,0.000800028,0.00007358921,0.0001092858,0.0001133442,0.0004860697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9687757,0.01519297,0.01090031,0.001289736,0.001973636,0.001867511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004831507,0.0001555975,0.9762284,0.000125852,0.0001658064,0.000201708,0.006428225,0.0006400329,0.0004701461,0.005313976,0.000320077,0.009467127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005409536,0.000148547,0.9850085,0.00007905493,0.0001535895,0.00007904482,0.01104245,0.0005334371,0.000339317,0.001057124,0.001493974,0.000010906],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975016,0.000294655,0.00005716506,0.0002979412,0.000002089747,0.000003404075,0.00003338067,9.053719e-7,0.00180891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996225,0.0001318305,0.00001856342,0.00002710369,0.000002375685,0.000001369344,0.00001995012,3.395168e-7,0.0001760096],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06739391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1340032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03462272280984919,"score_gpt":0.2996977009010851,"score_spread":0.2650749780912359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}