{"id":"W2163820985","doi":"","title":"Causality between Corporate Social Performance and Financial Performance: Evidence from Canadian Firms","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Equity (law); Shareholder; Granger causality; Corporate social responsibility; Investment performance; Causality (physics); Economics; Return on assets; Rate of return; Sample (material); Financial economics; Business; Return on equity; Abnormal return; Return on investment; Finance; Corporate governance; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Profitability index","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002112556,0.0003203334,0.0003294827,0.003376221,0.002762071,0.001977252,0.0009111901,0.0004591862,0.003468058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01385194,0.0002037605,0.0003610993,0.009343206,0.001993242,0.0005695565,0.001317016,0.0006522058,0.000192002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02069544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03374823,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9908744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9938922,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982785,0.0001638963,0.00007920631,0.0001757006,0.0008292051,0.0004734554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9807716,0.004001189,0.005773818,0.0006546646,0.007081837,0.001716944],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008713919,0.00004217667,0.9815617,0.0001024057,0.00009162615,0.000156677,0.002155114,0.0003574927,0.0001047408,0.001530073,0.001912088,0.01189873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006108432,0.00001015526,0.9957004,0.00004815773,0.00003705182,0.00002100956,0.001630352,0.0002221766,0.00005771713,0.0001485245,0.002103949,0.00001446418],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821816,0.001739135,0.0001257983,0.001561083,0.00001294635,0.00002011006,0.002684379,0.000007654296,0.01166714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967721,0.001277392,0.00009231355,0.0001112155,0.00001254589,0.000005537466,0.001018306,0.000003151772,0.0007073694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02069544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1501566,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03201401150101243,"score_gpt":0.247853563435139,"score_spread":0.2158395519341265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}