{"id":"W2163888186","doi":"10.1109/securware.2010.39","title":"Defaming Botnet Toolkits: A Bottom-Up Approach to Mitigating the Threat","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Botnet; Computer security; The Internet; Computer science; Internet privacy; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003812069,0.001741976,0.001035753,0.002939944,0.002001161,0.002999974,0.002346242,0.002954149,0.001849553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009757943,0.0006867216,0.001054704,0.0007218812,0.005250649,0.00583272,0.004759607,0.004424266,0.001087357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001091235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002715026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002267837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003166921,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9945735,0.00186226,0.000249998,0.0006005946,0.002097558,0.000615975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9906596,0.003297424,0.001129115,0.002803888,0.001751614,0.0003584558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001900804,0.0008192217,0.008632598,0.0009893789,0.0002029466,0.001097212,0.005694791,0.04540356,0.1167683,0.2685776,0.009808481,0.5418158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001172695,0.001095614,0.006360758,0.0009749366,0.0003127177,0.003203396,0.004011511,0.3491962,0.102238,0.3307318,0.2012927,0.0004651333],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0271267,0.0004152948,0.9505437,0.002642862,0.0001279074,0.0005909389,0.00003544423,0.00302811,0.01548894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4535691,0.000623067,0.5287451,0.002072041,0.000100688,0.000524196,0.0001191157,0.0005591012,0.0136875],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003812069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02016044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01305801327734926,"score_gpt":0.2542405813104632,"score_spread":0.241182568033114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}