{"id":"W2164001976","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02237.x","title":"Category Markers or Attributes","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychological Science","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Phrase; Noun phrase; Psychology; Generalization; Object (grammar); Adjective; Noun; Determiner phrase; Class (philosophy); Linguistics; Grammatical category; Word (group theory); Part of speech; Communication; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002236146,0.0002386684,0.0003431169,0.0004782851,0.0004459826,0.002321429,0.0008298532,0.001008674,0.005446882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01563328,0.0002491641,0.0002715906,0.0004538316,0.002537791,0.005085931,0.002114134,0.001852805,0.0007607996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006313963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005507544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006017878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005435671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980525,0.0005302256,0.0001060093,0.0005172366,0.0005800038,0.0002140308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9902159,0.004708178,0.001177703,0.002550642,0.0008568161,0.0004906911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001687033,0.0002118313,0.06301841,0.001210866,0.00006195342,0.001466838,0.02630034,0.001008478,0.4285389,0.3106632,0.002440921,0.1633912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000134806,0.001924316,0.2646035,0.0007126923,0.0002270195,0.005104956,0.01413187,0.007847358,0.2022502,0.3674356,0.135345,0.0002828304],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8438219,0.001363956,0.07487345,0.001581936,0.0006075951,0.0001487427,0.0005967488,0.0005160541,0.07648947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.982636,0.0002424611,0.01408574,0.0002259122,0.00003959106,0.00007388533,0.0002274921,0.0001432478,0.002325663],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005446882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01822162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0922721652886565,"score_gpt":0.3697484480262966,"score_spread":0.2774762827376401,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}