{"id":"W2165021862","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5982.2010.01611.x","title":"With whom do you trade? Defensive innovation and the skill‐bias","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Firm Innovation and Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Intellectual property; Index (typography); Construct (python library); International trade; Economics; International economics; Business; Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015556,0.0002567019,0.0006632351,0.001044068,0.000317344,0.0004146142,0.0004168484,0.0002011766,0.0002912106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005242163,0.0002406977,0.0001123958,0.0004084647,0.0006398077,0.0005114173,0.00001580669,0.0006892407,0.00002718053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003756444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008513946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02938814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8193164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979917,0.0000248246,0.001126625,0.0003508305,0.000002167769,0.0005038776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973562,0.0001518184,0.001322431,0.0004048476,0.0002026407,0.0005620966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006623295,0.000005281888,0.03414038,0.00001112665,0.0001009942,0.00001992948,0.001572242,0.00009913407,0.000003334966,0.9624631,0.0005698551,0.0009483318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004084736,0.0002808383,0.03023497,0.00004733308,0.00003098506,0.001128643,0.0009458833,0.001078384,0.00006814009,0.793879,0.167558,0.0006631088],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9798772,0.0002400192,0.000132899,0.01394632,0.001226555,0.0002699817,0.0001818463,0.000005359143,0.004119772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958686,0.00004789518,0.0007250116,0.002451171,0.0004836634,0.00001399393,0.00001470487,0.00004754102,0.0003474143],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7899283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9815366,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09381005402190243,"score_gpt":0.1677158636307936,"score_spread":0.07390580960889115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}