{"id":"W2165328387","doi":"10.1787/220615515052","title":"How Expensive is the Welfare State?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"OECD social employment and migration working papers","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welfare state; Economics; Public expenditure; Welfare; Social Welfare; Real gross domestic product; Demographic economics; Public economics; Monetary economics; Macroeconomics; Public finance; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002080598,0.0001991296,0.0003272125,0.001353531,0.002094307,0.006865362,0.0005504893,0.001816281,0.01884058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009917391,0.0001290138,0.0002920929,0.001550019,0.007292916,0.009140447,0.002647811,0.002199301,0.001793957],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003702581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002663212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006995229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009317281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979516,0.0009060733,0.00006453541,0.0001613655,0.000441299,0.0004752993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978999,0.000758331,0.0003148765,0.0001791252,0.0004559066,0.0003918514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005025677,0.00004367533,0.005332067,0.000164987,0.00003928128,0.0001461775,0.001170407,0.0004019838,0.0001101751,0.8661179,0.0386369,0.08778626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001684762,0.00005626933,0.01115348,0.001204768,0.00005631319,0.0004006319,0.01020733,0.000331588,0.0002494469,0.6108614,0.3654262,0.000035637],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.06789688,0.01601696,0.004919618,0.5180606,0.003048909,0.00003466487,0.0008228582,0.00006489154,0.3891346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9186397,0.02125201,0.001286278,0.02030539,0.001943406,0.0000512003,0.0003098993,0.00007486843,0.03613727],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01884058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06302804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03707580746556462,"score_gpt":0.3154738313915505,"score_spread":0.2783980239259859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}