{"id":"W2165734931","doi":"10.1093/jexbot/52.359.1227","title":"Nuclear fusion leads to chromosome doubling during mannitol pretreatment of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) microspores","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Botany","topic":"Plant tissue culture and regeneration","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Hordeum vulgare; Microspore; Botany; Biology; Zygote; Chromosome; Poaceae; Cell biology; Genetics; Gene; Pollen; Stamen; Embryo; Embryogenesis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005575044,0.0001280928,0.0001741578,0.00006255353,0.00008502181,0.00002174542,0.0001274394,0.000090098,0.00007419019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007532298,0.0001011372,0.0001128119,0.00007099636,0.00002547878,0.00001284329,0.00006016346,0.00006139992,0.000004986968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000529208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002386992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001576231,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001749968,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992324,0.00002014833,0.0003025614,0.0001399214,0.0001624454,0.0001425987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995151,0.000001846565,0.0001772279,0.0001208478,0.00008248442,0.000102514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003900951,0.0001671769,0.001713111,0.000003924455,0.00005007207,0.00006119721,0.0003242285,0.00002771828,0.9958038,0.000005097885,0.001253789,0.0001998169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007117573,0.00079685,0.001905613,0.00006848278,0.00001653853,0.0005368211,0.0003290006,0.000003862735,0.9846603,5.695991e-7,0.01085739,0.0001128721],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891931,0.01007556,0.00001455911,0.0001193322,0.0002001149,0.00008663251,0.000006668513,0.000003634322,0.000300407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997703,0.0004001888,0.0005847224,0.00004988556,0.000419551,0.000001948206,0.00001079127,0.00001635681,0.0008135136],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01114353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4124256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008804592034719385,"score_gpt":0.2554580736890927,"score_spread":0.2466534816543733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}