{"id":"W2165734931","doi":"10.1093/jexbot/52.359.1227","title":"Nuclear fusion leads to chromosome doubling during mannitol pretreatment of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) microspores","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Botany","topic":"Plant tissue culture and regeneration","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Hordeum vulgare; Microspore; Botany; Biology; Zygote; Chromosome; Poaceae; Cell biology; Genetics; Gene; Pollen; Stamen; Embryo; Embryogenesis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009003357,0.00032016,0.0002750383,0.000117602,0.0001483385,0.0002041589,0.0001911056,0.000173514,0.000720984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000127858,0.0001533257,0.0002539212,0.0001162207,0.0001360859,0.0001220335,0.0002564413,0.0002537784,0.0002203778],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003620957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001725215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002102428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002790604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998978,0.00001451116,0.000008366301,0.00002686019,0.00002114283,0.00003139043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998875,0.00002281067,0.00003973171,0.00001277,0.00001268991,0.00002463408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004079047,0.000002135348,0.0001078422,0.000006906413,0.000001414129,0.0000262034,0.00001024254,0.00001611528,0.999597,0.00000696905,0.000003087611,0.0001812599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004971952,0.0002829111,0.0182123,0.000002935912,0.00001313811,0.000210773,0.00004907441,0.0003057554,0.980169,0.00001597538,0.0007256221,0.000007566487],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980715,0.0003310166,0.0009661179,0.00001276711,0.000005402262,0.00001138869,0.0001967212,0.00003303658,0.0003721105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971564,0.000183057,0.001027046,0.00001653239,0.000003269215,0.00001844334,0.0005892919,0.00002577192,0.000980227],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002102428,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004180372,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008804592034719385,"score_gpt":0.2554580736890927,"score_spread":0.2466534816543733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}