{"id":"W2166358547","doi":"10.1017/s004740450525011x","title":"<i>Language policies in education: Critical issues</i>","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language in Society","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Language policy; Sociology; Politics; Realm; First language; Language education; Language industry; Indigenous language; Democracy; Foreign language; Multilingualism; Political science; Indigenous; Pedagogy; Comprehension approach; Linguistics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000531518,0.00009397278,0.0001291567,0.0000578912,0.0001278914,0.00006759095,0.0002147265,0.0001335855,0.001207189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005768997,0.0001006465,0.00008093713,0.0004645282,0.0002304099,0.0001841682,0.0000272087,0.0002317114,0.0001188797],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002493171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005174787,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04217776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02420767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998862,0.0001418286,0.0002173281,0.0001785229,0.0002199314,0.0003803622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994546,0.0001793236,0.00002948935,0.0001781046,0.00003967123,0.0001188372],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001715096,0.0002294519,0.004816475,0.0000138368,0.000001767471,0.000001561574,0.9168237,0.000004081288,0.0002027155,0.01703106,0.0137053,0.04716828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001966143,0.000004846922,0.006955661,0.00003720541,0.000002701605,0.000001172636,0.5147101,0.00004627122,0.0003309635,0.000186829,0.4773566,0.0001710196],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8466492,0.004253514,0.000002757873,0.03514623,0.0004171827,0.0001717561,0.000006256001,0.00007720976,0.1132759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9683827,0.0002572426,0.002355013,0.01165404,0.002209042,0.0000317366,0.000008077841,0.00001156804,0.01509056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4636513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03041150047101502,"score_gpt":0.4933272297214641,"score_spread":0.4629157292504491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}