{"id":"W2167097830","doi":"10.1128/jcm.42.3.1035-1041.2004","title":"Characterization of Toxin A-Negative, Toxin B-Positive <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Isolates from Outbreaks in Different Countries by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and PCR Ribotyping","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology","topic":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Manitoba; Université Catholique de Louvain; Northwestern University","keywords":"Ribotyping; Biology; Microbiology; Pseudomembranous colitis; Amplified fragment length polymorphism; Toxin; Clostridium difficile toxin A; Clindamycin; Clostridium difficile; Typing; Polymerase chain reaction; Clostridiaceae; Gene; Genetics; Antibiotics; Population; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004569318,0.0003976674,0.0003324112,0.001086397,0.0002961747,0.0005130774,0.0001663875,0.0003593887,0.0002743744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001687571,0.0002729794,0.0004162907,0.001021227,0.0003065831,0.0001739737,0.0002702647,0.0003184595,0.0002419125],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002035383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002220957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002934696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002341406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993156,0.0001429677,0.0001382768,0.0001788138,0.0001175018,0.0001068899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990601,0.0002425981,0.000334406,0.00007432629,0.0001646136,0.0001239715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001257705,0.0002538345,0.454645,0.0003051416,0.0002107748,0.002330293,0.001465638,0.0008147095,0.5217755,0.00005653802,0.0003368198,0.01654801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004839922,0.0007238745,0.9635127,0.00004867621,0.0001950264,0.005447757,0.000929157,0.0004477586,0.02652318,0.00002363022,0.00207145,0.00002847537],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983492,0.0003828683,0.0004413258,0.00002541446,0.000007594542,0.00002797661,0.0004674825,0.000007289821,0.0002908093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931114,0.0006423854,0.002711588,0.0001327622,0.00001738665,0.00004092999,0.003085618,0.00002147268,0.0002364696],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002934696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005835235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02296069622237855,"score_gpt":0.3092085712519076,"score_spread":0.2862478750295291,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}