{"id":"W2167832813","doi":"10.1111/cogs.12182","title":"Is Probabilistic Evidence a Source of Knowledge?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Science","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation","keywords":"Probabilistic logic; Denial; Distrust; Psychology; Perception; Social psychology; Population; Trustworthiness; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02557997,0.0004636202,0.0008574949,0.003236229,0.001557344,0.005726206,0.001900202,0.00397619,0.009534897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2335024,0.001071091,0.000784756,0.002297837,0.0118048,0.02612763,0.004452459,0.003418143,0.0009475166],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001139551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001235359,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006224844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004641117,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9765269,0.01228656,0.001179377,0.00248577,0.006838092,0.0006833332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6350656,0.2969053,0.03039543,0.02518002,0.01035175,0.002101863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001359168,0.000465353,0.05547648,0.00349833,0.001006686,0.001868058,0.0313377,0.0033145,0.008019759,0.5451924,0.003869157,0.3445924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001495368,0.0002619274,0.01407307,0.0008224802,0.0003185585,0.002013622,0.005382968,0.005334365,0.004250763,0.9464091,0.0208624,0.0001212267],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5087585,0.009715972,0.2884303,0.0625099,0.0006095534,0.0002006089,0.0003302675,0.0002654043,0.1291795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9856631,0.001286599,0.01068982,0.001248245,0.0002209125,0.00004915591,0.00009340349,0.00002766711,0.0007211253],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02557997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1352814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1462526347176717,"score_gpt":0.3397310837496137,"score_spread":0.1934784490319419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}