{"id":"W2168064800","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361:200809455","title":"Particle-in-cell simulations of return current in solar flares","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Nickel Institute","funders":"Akademie Věd České Republiky","keywords":"Physics; Solar flare; Astrophysics; Current (fluid); Nanoflares; Solar energetic particles; Astronomy; Coronal mass ejection; Plasma; Computational physics; Solar wind; Nuclear physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000370432,0.0004408577,0.001021314,0.0003874599,0.0009844074,0.0009183997,0.001704209,0.002296765,0.004736965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002899943,0.0003885527,0.0005864053,0.0005683624,0.001268803,0.001171482,0.0009264122,0.001592037,0.0003008529],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001255808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001148016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03133773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01619385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998543,0.00002933998,0.00000487736,0.00001695437,0.00003432324,0.00006018347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988258,0.0006325573,0.0001106608,0.00005807681,0.000163935,0.0002089094],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001460301,0.0001071649,0.002398293,0.00004352532,0.00003643321,0.0002116911,0.0001224455,0.9858364,0.0007528068,0.008442274,0.0008702252,0.001032756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007993006,0.00002787327,0.0004516214,0.000005299154,0.000007551805,0.00001415683,0.00006572962,0.9972345,0.0002117852,0.00156904,0.0003242077,0.000008372697],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9405309,0.0004808998,0.01383316,0.001535776,0.0002639253,0.00007995848,0.0008965402,0.0001834336,0.0421955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938881,0.0001046437,0.002344272,0.0001946775,0.00003653646,0.00005307463,0.0002652527,0.0000483915,0.003065084],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03133773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06231064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00990544780201391,"score_gpt":0.2244402757517651,"score_spread":0.2145348279497512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}