{"id":"W2169591675","doi":"10.1007/s11666-010-9542-8","title":"Supersonic Nozzle Flow Simulations for Particle Coating Applications: Effects of Shockwaves, Nozzle Geometry, Ambient Pressure, and Substrate Location upon Flow Characteristics","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Canada Research Chairs; University of Toronto","funders":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning; National Nuclear Security Administration; Sandia National Laboratories; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Knowledge Economy","keywords":"Nozzle; Materials science; Discharge coefficient; Coating; Ambient pressure; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Substrate (aquarium); Shock (circulatory); Supersonic speed; Particle (ecology); Choked flow; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003732531,0.0004566242,0.0005608676,0.0003615032,0.0005591793,0.0007065669,0.0007941377,0.0009902461,0.002665238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001612803,0.0003832432,0.000427281,0.0004670321,0.0004445825,0.0005665416,0.0003986227,0.0005787105,0.0001937654],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008117027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008369017,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01297856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01122404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998887,0.00002414751,0.00000857569,0.00001334733,0.00003211993,0.00003318848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992664,0.000435472,0.00006638468,0.0000454825,0.0001280338,0.00005824373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002550776,0.0001512692,0.003589563,0.00006796535,0.00002341665,0.0001753338,0.0001518601,0.9719976,0.01506699,0.002014997,0.0005147317,0.005991139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001783326,0.00003595192,0.0006421054,0.000002247494,0.000003560422,0.000007365689,0.00001644389,0.9965973,0.002482693,0.00009728659,0.00009274064,0.000004392494],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.983,0.0001290762,0.01083398,0.0001303802,0.00003268366,0.00003871661,0.0002176774,0.0001759955,0.005441467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955339,0.00007824989,0.003142656,0.0000244064,0.000007542939,0.00001994747,0.0001506134,0.00005837568,0.0009841884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01297856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02580601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009641104877657427,"score_gpt":0.2607139448503746,"score_spread":0.2510728399727172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}