{"id":"W2170182466","doi":"10.1186/1471-2288-10-1","title":"A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Medical Research Methodology","topic":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":3439,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"GlaxoSmithKline (Canada); St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton; University of Waterloo; McMaster University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Clinical trial; Medicine; Pilot trial; Psychological intervention; Intervention (counseling); Research design; Clinical study design; Medical physics; Randomized controlled trial; Nursing; Surgery","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1276541,0.003752038,0.003621391,0.00529166,0.001576775,0.006053191,0.004529472,0.008119676,0.02411523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2350063,0.002638613,0.004057329,0.005740135,0.007436442,0.01666773,0.005180243,0.0151861,0.0178303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003053762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007583716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001943895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003733252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9169811,0.06899682,0.00636037,0.001516393,0.00557036,0.0005750263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.5972326,0.3695874,0.009437559,0.008140951,0.01128514,0.004316309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004312473,0.0002708489,0.0005502075,0.01833884,0.0002793091,0.00071658,0.003375522,0.001190138,0.00124445,0.03473197,0.5676836,0.3711872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002815293,0.0004405129,0.0008041674,0.01352962,0.0001377625,0.00132436,0.0009963827,0.0006510073,0.0006367423,0.0754047,0.9056423,0.0001507999],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001238731,0.2765703,0.4049792,0.2168187,0.04673064,0.01204739,0.001905866,0.004943072,0.03476613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01072147,0.2506701,0.5547452,0.1084003,0.02923952,0.01909075,0.001103775,0.002839725,0.02318916],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8723459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6751074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.9876457482859581,"score_gpt":0.7589303971843917,"score_spread":0.2287153511015664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}