{"id":"W2170498583","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12119","title":"A Pareto‐improving Minimum Wage","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economica","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"London School of Economics and Political Science","keywords":"Minimum wage; Productivity; Economics; Pareto principle; Labour economics; Wage; Pareto optimal; Low wage; Efficiency wage; Work (physics); Operations management; Multi-objective optimization; Mathematics; Engineering; Mathematical optimization; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005912132,0.0002152459,0.0005088123,0.0001853168,0.0001338605,0.000121617,0.0003852311,0.0001407345,0.0007417068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001532158,0.0002750653,0.000186318,0.00006516443,0.00008187843,0.0003447287,0.0001094266,0.0001705849,0.01055012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001304504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001338738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001522339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003083844,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980916,0.00001530767,0.0007690031,0.0006017085,0.00001066946,0.0005117535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988271,0.00009211247,0.0003487385,0.0005458234,0.000006559117,0.0001796826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000210425,0.00006470457,0.03418753,0.00003409633,0.00005790725,0.000001114183,0.0003304167,0.00004398052,0.00006097745,0.9485539,0.01204996,0.00459441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001463619,0.0001477936,0.04784758,0.00001161886,0.000008715827,0.000009208487,0.00005566714,0.03198986,0.0003958454,0.4350404,0.4820732,0.0009564138],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4984575,0.0001456225,0.000741187,0.001353849,0.0006830745,0.0001287002,0.00007273999,0.0000947111,0.4983226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952654,0.000007309835,0.0005795996,0.001695514,0.000728335,0.00002980278,0.00001502928,0.00004678303,0.001632276],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5135134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999701,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02236004736072703,"score_gpt":0.1884293936266473,"score_spread":0.1660693462659203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}