{"id":"W2170514321","doi":"10.1306/eg.04231414004","title":"Seepage pathway assessment for natural gas to shallow groundwater during well stimulation, in production, and after abandonment","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Geosciences","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":156,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Casing; Petroleum engineering; Hydraulic fracturing; Geology; Borehole; Aquifer; Groundwater; Natural gas; Natural gas field; Formation water; Geotechnical engineering; Mining engineering; Waste management; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002632361,0.0002523197,0.0002418032,0.001591855,0.000197757,0.0005788857,0.0002334938,0.0003697376,0.001163063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005297008,0.00009622538,0.0002854709,0.00145289,0.0001569961,0.0004164706,0.0004348943,0.0002032409,0.0002604289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003607185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003336501,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004629731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009741544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997994,0.00001786016,0.00001944268,0.00004163108,0.00008533096,0.00003635982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995812,0.00006846225,0.0001244435,0.00001224679,0.0001740743,0.00003960331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007511977,0.0001065809,0.8028894,0.0007054286,0.0001069811,0.002040365,0.00183665,0.008681974,0.08778255,0.0005384207,0.0009145106,0.09364595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008132939,0.0005215949,0.9420393,0.0001052606,0.00007780814,0.0007357316,0.003235895,0.01157749,0.03603059,0.0003812322,0.005228171,0.00005884778],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942576,0.0003271443,0.001806354,0.00001591721,0.000006113743,0.0000464857,0.001581762,0.00006384449,0.001894793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948067,0.0004552092,0.002456347,0.00001089798,0.000003248676,0.00003557004,0.001244732,0.00001325125,0.0009741405],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004629731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00920558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002864829166231688,"score_gpt":0.1899292581560306,"score_spread":0.1870644289897989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}