{"id":"W2170700328","doi":"10.1167/7.4.9","title":"Orientation discrimination in 5-year-olds and adults tested with luminance-modulated and contrast-modulated gratings","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Vision","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Contrast (vision); Luminance; Orientation (vector space); Modulation (music); Tilt (camera); Visibility; Optics; Psychology; Spatial frequency; Audiology; Amplitude; Mathematics; Physics; Acoustics; Medicine; Geometry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004374625,0.00009411428,0.0001403249,0.0002129282,0.00008496607,0.00009290566,0.00004578204,0.00006464606,0.00000866799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002686123,0.00006863105,0.00001303922,0.0003307595,0.00005912309,0.0006259162,0.00001284665,0.0001556907,0.000001321981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003131446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001825029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007368048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002063622,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990417,0.00004386264,0.0003370364,0.0001690319,0.0002794393,0.000128901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993502,0.00008075822,0.0003054287,0.00004503812,0.0001401024,0.00007850442],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007524362,0.00009587516,0.003502802,0.00002893117,0.00000109074,0.0000317808,0.001951576,0.00001403095,0.9365215,0.00007101664,0.000008799293,0.05702019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005690794,0.00298818,0.8452122,0.001155581,0.00001982628,0.0004164273,0.001940527,0.01344305,0.1282607,0.000604071,0.00003703306,0.0002316662],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966832,0.0000204281,0.002890446,0.0001549859,0.00008573484,0.0001051015,0.000001413935,0.00001211669,0.00004658995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990513,0.00005564723,0.0007147389,0.00009312643,0.00002459673,3.934232e-7,0.000001978633,0.000009630934,0.00004853828],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8417094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2798693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01647567095693938,"score_gpt":0.3149366942012945,"score_spread":0.2984610232443551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}