{"id":"W2170736093","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.5918","title":"UNDERSTANDING THE LITERATURE ON PROBLEM ANALYSIS","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001988123,0.00009746262,0.0001185302,0.0003908337,0.0005741444,0.0003161011,0.0003523417,0.0001406538,0.00001829779],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001982295,0.0000747982,0.0001051324,0.002403396,0.00002857332,0.0002255292,0.00001406695,0.0002986584,0.00000641458],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00438791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001462777,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01735283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.033811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988373,0.00003461129,0.00016996,0.000143512,0.00051754,0.0002971076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998786,0.0001048966,0.0002723483,0.00007995385,0.0005412546,0.0002154989],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006887955,0.00005514665,0.1702166,0.00009104631,0.0005073959,1.1386e-7,0.1185434,0.009958321,0.00008120295,0.6017517,0.09817623,0.0006119511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009093403,0.0001290184,0.09199935,0.001113999,0.001358125,0.000002644224,0.07364342,0.005393805,0.0004467512,0.0423951,0.7811599,0.001448495],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1511571,0.0007604992,0.0003754582,0.1953598,0.00493942,0.002467838,0.00006516231,0.0004593616,0.6444154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941434,0.000009335878,0.0002471764,0.0004441871,0.0002449396,0.00002979813,0.000005690139,0.0000124621,0.004862955],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8429864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03331442648573826,"score_gpt":0.2573125018693485,"score_spread":0.2239980753836102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}