{"id":"W2170915630","doi":"10.5194/acp-11-2853-2011","title":"Size dependence of volume and surface nucleation rates for homogeneous freezing of supercooled water droplets","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nucleation; Supercooling; Ice nucleus; Volume (thermodynamics); Aerosol; Surface tension; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; RADIUS; Homogeneous; Materials science; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003988278,0.00009287392,0.0001547119,1.340628e-7,0.0000301946,0.000005373367,0.00005813313,0.00006912876,0.0000273244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001294865,0.00008209662,0.0000232574,0.00003970369,0.00006610804,0.00004807319,0.00002134114,0.00004901343,6.257126e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006015478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003833669,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005512741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.608848e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996246,0.000002453626,0.0001206541,0.00009982904,0.0000408505,0.0001115962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997569,0.00004417816,0.00002136017,0.0001245062,0.00003611686,0.00001698746],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002211783,0.00002299411,0.004781321,0.000711318,0.00005363538,0.000001005367,0.001183049,0.003003738,0.9619766,0.00002491303,0.00004111191,0.02817819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001578978,0.00002622724,0.0005011205,0.00003531971,0.00002773522,0.000003798837,0.0001411233,0.04797749,0.9501473,0.0008604802,0.00002277469,0.00009873458],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991164,0.0001205917,0.008251057,0.000003485131,0.00001799428,0.00005060578,0.000005812347,0.00008542315,0.000301051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815947,0.00008249246,0.0181435,0.000002002346,0.00001524777,0.000002757183,0.000003096331,0.00001431184,0.0001419233],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04497375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3347803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008342331878967185,"score_gpt":0.191247449327357,"score_spread":0.1829051174483899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}