{"id":"W2171036725","doi":"10.1037/a0033890","title":"Reading comprehension and its underlying components in second-language learners: A meta-analysis of studies comparing first- and second-language learners.","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Psychological Bulletin","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":354,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd","keywords":"Reading comprehension; Psychology; Meta-analysis; Linguistics; Reading (process); Comprehension; Language assessment; Comprehension approach; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Mathematics education; Language education","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaepi_broad"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01789919,0.002513768,0.0135248,0.009066353,0.0007039671,0.003885231,0.001782313,0.001979035,0.001942028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05764866,0.001395112,0.02688796,0.008551124,0.0008584731,0.002149616,0.001607399,0.001671169,0.0002578306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00260806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004325171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00689612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01912364,"domain_scores_codex":[0.988133,0.004888696,0.004186506,0.00118998,0.001354171,0.0002476121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9539179,0.03503408,0.006831655,0.001078756,0.002766795,0.0003707085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001018836,0.0000390455,0.007407016,0.531666,0.4371153,0.0001368456,0.0002812955,0.0002028532,0.0003414108,0.0001310688,0.0005101761,0.02115016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003550064,0.0002805409,0.009077016,0.06501231,0.9219982,0.0002182401,0.0001409813,0.0000613816,0.0002512796,0.0001983489,0.002379586,0.0000271537],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003731465,0.9952753,0.0002730889,0.0001115144,0.00007309229,0.000128863,0.0002661204,0.000009571809,0.0001309409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1429299,0.8514835,0.002544858,0.0007049811,0.0001630463,0.0009662451,0.0009771208,0.00002814897,0.0002022644],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9864752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09466106,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3359235593515807,"score_gpt":0.4402944371094519,"score_spread":0.1043708777578712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}