{"id":"W21710503","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-044894-7.00866-6","title":"Distance Education and Open Universities","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Open education; Key (lock); Developing country; Political science; Pedagogy; Computer science; Economic growth; Sociology; Economics; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001095258,0.000169872,0.0002111542,0.0000791093,0.0001482966,0.0003230487,0.0009663008,0.0001492782,0.00001993397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003772144,0.0001666418,0.00004412155,0.00000960026,0.00009773175,0.0001464646,0.0006057581,0.0004349018,0.00003888337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003770787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004921499,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001897543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002849965,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999283,0.00001151349,0.0001249786,0.0003341946,0.0001305028,0.0001157811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991862,0.00002844696,0.0001372846,0.0004901362,0.00007556866,0.00008237814],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[5.68607e-7,0.000003187337,0.000002383011,0.00001364945,0.000008823043,0.000003097059,0.0001806295,1.189178e-7,0.000001930661,0.2937897,0.00005687604,0.7059391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005764883,0.00001921087,0.00001116653,0.000164286,0.00001837678,0.00001026413,0.00002180006,0.0001083356,0.000004379919,0.07168395,0.9277038,0.000196773],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002135173,0.0005267354,0.0004957482,0.0007694688,0.0003378823,0.0001166999,0.000004054353,0.00004957389,0.9976785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007509475,0.00005273795,0.01162351,0.0002374595,0.0001657002,0.000001837697,0.000005935342,0.00001659056,0.9871453],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9276469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6795455,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009658173146098343,"score_gpt":0.2576395097061305,"score_spread":0.2479813365600321,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}