{"id":"W2171548634","doi":"10.1109/vppc.2011.6043175","title":"Model-based fault detection of a battery system in a hybrid electric vehicle","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Fault detection and isolation; Estimator; Computer science; Filter (signal processing); Battery (electricity); Fault (geology); Process (computing); Bounded function; Trajectory; Variable (mathematics); Hybrid system; Engineering; Mathematics; Power (physics); Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001099044,0.00009342821,0.000163704,0.0002203039,0.00001326368,0.000006018878,0.00006522037,0.0000485651,0.00001093031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005046704,0.00009041937,0.00005267916,0.0002385439,0.00000475132,0.00006231305,0.000003378758,0.00008693632,0.00002818838],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001027672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001059184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002453004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001222685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993562,0.00002382372,0.0002618634,0.0001047798,0.00009439822,0.0001589739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999755,0.00001267968,0.00002705707,0.000145397,0.00002359106,0.00003626804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007824302,0.00004388516,0.0003977983,0.0003348256,0.00002876185,0.00000857729,0.0001581018,0.1940675,0.792468,0.00008043796,0.00003083363,0.01230297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003989785,0.00003102153,0.0002578939,0.00002153988,0.000004179765,0.00000403743,0.00004623316,0.7498785,0.2492601,0.000005968744,0.00001894366,0.00007261553],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8111272,0.00006622783,0.1791739,0.000001541099,0.0001620758,0.0001647462,0.000001265189,0.0003559585,0.008947086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997895,0.000001015166,0.00006211553,0.00001303565,0.00001557383,0.00005669351,3.118152e-7,0.00001869439,0.0000430092],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.555811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3687195,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01118999046191457,"score_gpt":0.1804339429371828,"score_spread":0.1692439524752682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}