{"id":"W2171639414","doi":"10.1001/jama.286.15.1886","title":"Do Patents for Antiretroviral Drugs Constrain Access to AIDS Treatment in Africa?","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JAMA","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Intellectual property; Market access; Scarcity; Developing country; Access to medicines; De facto; Antiretroviral treatment; Business; Universal design; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Economic growth; Development economics; International trade; Medicine; Political science; Antiretroviral therapy; Geography; Economics; Virology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002902512,0.0001951638,0.0005521665,0.001798533,0.0004985376,0.002120298,0.0003507455,0.001134967,0.006959527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02896919,0.0002241764,0.0003323355,0.003388141,0.001442542,0.002708721,0.0009564811,0.000904411,0.0002344148],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001775317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001381915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02424515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01951644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981274,0.00102295,0.00008531721,0.000108217,0.0001833919,0.0004727356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9650298,0.02461904,0.008736998,0.0002758505,0.0007089195,0.0006295025],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002905935,0.0001237984,0.8445713,0.0004500517,0.0002902041,0.001216798,0.0009598662,0.01193254,0.0002300411,0.07614863,0.006458637,0.05732744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001055733,0.0001309763,0.9010385,0.0004342957,0.0002281851,0.0006842266,0.005415526,0.02046476,0.000231901,0.05433122,0.01690785,0.00002701664],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9257185,0.01999577,0.001235488,0.03514517,0.00006265719,0.00003160761,0.0008425261,0.00001274664,0.0169555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944998,0.004343661,0.0001127274,0.0004625713,0.00009781863,0.000006674338,0.00007761712,0.000001695692,0.0003973805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02424515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04820806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1285627916980011,"score_gpt":0.33598889894447,"score_spread":0.2074261072464689,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}