{"id":"W2171653497","doi":"10.1002/etc.365","title":"Chronic toxicity of chloride to freshwater species: Effects of hardness and implications for water quality guidelines","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Nautilus Environmental","funders":"Mid-America Transportation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","keywords":"Ceriodaphnia dubia; Daphnia magna; Chronic toxicity; Water quality; Toxicology; Brachionus calyciflorus; Chloride; Environmental chemistry; Acute toxicity; Hyalella azteca; Chironomus riparius; Biology; Toxicity; Chemistry; Ecology; Amphipoda; Rotifer; Chironomidae; Larva","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001371943,0.0004003219,0.0003890208,0.0006530402,0.0002473793,0.0007068143,0.0004037179,0.0003051292,0.0007782424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003054264,0.0001408811,0.000507392,0.0008617415,0.0003619279,0.0005488231,0.0006296487,0.0003617018,0.0001212893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00101658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006552859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0114159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02151441,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990103,0.0001840965,0.000155932,0.0001973857,0.0003893211,0.00006295837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955536,0.001353239,0.001435386,0.0001660558,0.001306603,0.000185042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005195264,0.0001865503,0.8630662,0.0007200168,0.0003439917,0.000512615,0.0004460714,0.008371739,0.08306047,0.0002031524,0.001068845,0.04150069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014494,0.001308095,0.9698734,0.00006192135,0.0001724115,0.0002391215,0.0005869172,0.007484857,0.01729765,0.0003247766,0.002597274,0.00003908263],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909052,0.001171768,0.003110096,0.0002976998,0.00002392321,0.0000914323,0.001264906,0.00003772431,0.003097207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965469,0.0004219224,0.001395241,0.0001620897,0.00001073986,0.00003477362,0.0006717373,0.000009258409,0.0007473783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0114159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02269888,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01334060305458736,"score_gpt":0.2695179640103725,"score_spread":0.2561773609557851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}