{"id":"W2171698265","doi":"10.1162/003465300558911","title":"Competition within a Cartel: League Conduct and Team Conduct in the Market for Baseball Player Services","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Economics and Statistics","topic":"Sports Analytics and Performance","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"League; Cartel; Competition (biology); Sample (material); Economics; Business; Microeconomics; Marketing; Collusion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001503726,0.0001308329,0.0004736928,0.00004012059,0.0000920157,0.00005469569,0.0001667868,0.00003687819,0.0004968956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000187711,0.00009248197,0.00004506351,0.00005499263,0.0001041872,0.00008923248,0.00001766662,0.00009224546,0.00000751916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001433227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018065,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002550156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004595169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989282,0.00002101884,0.000688159,0.0002039796,0.00001577602,0.0001428985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991531,0.0002050208,0.0003433055,0.0002421961,0.00002392569,0.00003248624],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000439571,0.00005313253,0.00331937,0.003603612,0.00006490469,8.700067e-7,0.0009270114,0.0003177696,4.542314e-7,0.9792714,0.00544879,0.006948744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001166722,0.0002827448,0.01319179,0.001138603,0.0001029455,0.0000402152,0.0005279131,0.1636994,0.000004966121,0.06121756,0.7581444,0.0004827841],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7579709,0.1842298,0.0007528215,0.005066645,0.0004065548,0.002693304,0.008966479,0.0000126693,0.03990085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5000153,0.4941221,0.001919177,0.002977645,0.00008244049,0.00005365241,0.0001443121,0.00002289528,0.0006625192],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9180538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5440658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04635326113792507,"score_gpt":0.2590781116926551,"score_spread":0.21272485055473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}