{"id":"W2171808061","doi":"10.4284/0038-4038-2011.207","title":"Patentability and Knowledge Spillovers of Basic R&amp;D","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Southern Economic Journal","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Patentability; Profit (economics); Economics; Welfare; Basic research; Industrial organization; Microeconomics; Patent law; Computer science; Market economy; Intellectual property; Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005368526,0.0007051048,0.001023504,0.00248912,0.0008865428,0.003156628,0.0008328962,0.001596468,0.009271053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01895319,0.000441474,0.00110181,0.001399669,0.003593164,0.005309578,0.002860313,0.001400885,0.00078206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002857996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002295509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002720609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002037412,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980836,0.0007394705,0.00008438485,0.0002561708,0.000401005,0.0004354554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.975809,0.01628151,0.003862372,0.001584066,0.001122246,0.00134084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000490593,0.0006330054,0.02454483,0.0003855989,0.0001938663,0.0008778555,0.0006893331,0.1954547,0.006381612,0.7105808,0.00143872,0.05832909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003513098,0.0004965469,0.03227599,0.0001692381,0.000262986,0.0004096059,0.0006954911,0.1333587,0.004497949,0.8178018,0.009584222,0.0000962411],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7890115,0.002216849,0.0948455,0.004659982,0.00006922539,0.0002056434,0.000421424,0.0001905628,0.1083793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932536,0.0006664494,0.001786761,0.00008341171,0.00005147096,0.00003352721,0.00003785139,0.000006975583,0.004079875],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009271053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03101474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04729276981813236,"score_gpt":0.2284581378057148,"score_spread":0.1811653679875824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}