{"id":"W2172251508","doi":"10.5539/ells.v3n3p1","title":"The Use of Dictionary and Contextual Guessing Strategies for Vocabulary Learning by Advanced English-Language Learners","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language and Literature Studies","topic":"Lexicography and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pronunciation; Vocabulary; Paragraph; Meaning (existential); Word (group theory); Computer science; Natural language processing; Linguistics; Bilingual dictionary; Artificial intelligence; Word list; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001920143,0.0003369194,0.0003456413,0.001108196,0.000399412,0.001858096,0.0005024897,0.0006419081,0.001322886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01992743,0.0003207588,0.0002682185,0.0003850904,0.0008136902,0.001603271,0.001082564,0.0006033389,0.0003624804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002157514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004537232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00101624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001916938,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985221,0.0006462469,0.0001833025,0.0001703296,0.0003696634,0.0001083094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9896529,0.005978587,0.002341005,0.0005866771,0.0008898342,0.0005508823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004483417,0.0006754829,0.7600039,0.0003552294,0.0001157462,0.0008926911,0.09130637,0.0004273762,0.01784364,0.0005611487,0.000265019,0.127105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001120327,0.003095096,0.7932472,0.0004380331,0.0002316969,0.005656919,0.1694636,0.00519816,0.01177103,0.002445559,0.008125336,0.0002153182],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990717,0.0001096606,0.0002617933,0.00001776172,0.000001179317,0.000009058433,0.000007934886,0.000004298967,0.0005164878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981753,0.0001886604,0.001187928,0.00001635328,0.00000165107,0.00001339646,0.00002812846,0.000003871275,0.0003846853],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001920143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01015484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01520120997929072,"score_gpt":0.2433209877603941,"score_spread":0.2281197777811034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}