{"id":"W2173480947","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-323-35565-0.00012-6","title":"Lignin-Based Foaming Materials","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lignin; Raw material; Materials science; Comonomer; Polyurethane; Renewable resource; Polymer science; Renewable energy; Composite material; Pulp and paper industry; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; Polymer; Monomer; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001562329,0.0004981759,0.0005419826,0.0000793878,0.00003635377,0.00006187151,0.0002789337,0.0005097467,0.0001929885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005567501,0.0005120053,0.0001363095,0.000006557309,0.00005501618,0.0000213859,0.00005329564,0.0003128606,0.0005192616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001448957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008512615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":1.31246e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.294354e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986879,0.000006356888,0.0004010619,0.0002924136,0.0002942495,0.000318066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991067,0.00002817548,0.00008245418,0.0005345758,0.0000663867,0.0001816849],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009329143,0.000009484495,0.000001189288,0.001995475,0.0004408438,0.0002333338,0.0001987042,0.00003601483,0.05498144,0.001415704,0.0754465,0.865232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002041102,0.00001202389,7.327504e-8,0.0004267279,0.00006528974,0.000006612206,0.0000019332,0.00001072252,0.2745647,0.001518117,0.7227199,0.0004697742],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006992384,0.002150557,0.000001659532,0.000008175078,0.0008460614,0.0001895167,0.0000992503,0.0005044083,0.9961305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01292434,0.00001914233,0.0003100261,0.00008478244,0.0009441847,0.00003120195,0.000100454,0.0002485819,0.9853373],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8647622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997332,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01719349722154129,"score_gpt":0.2127138950357468,"score_spread":0.1955203978142055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}