{"id":"W2175206215","doi":"10.1179/136217101101538875","title":"Comparative study of small scale and ‘large scale’ resistance spot welding","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Electrode; Welding; Finite element method; Composite material; Contact area; Contact resistance; Metallurgy; Upset welding; Heat-affected zone; Gas metal arc welding; Structural engineering; Layer (electronics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003431277,0.0002950848,0.0003981696,0.0002149613,0.0001388408,0.0004739388,0.0006521561,0.000661259,0.001663489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00106689,0.0002491149,0.0004535381,0.0002123058,0.0003852974,0.0005074965,0.0002706448,0.0002604304,0.0002794466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000294635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002262809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001277525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001057262,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998413,0.00003641579,0.000006202742,0.00002711009,0.00007156085,0.00001741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995357,0.0002819918,0.00004746578,0.00006089979,0.00005477473,0.00001926367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002064297,0.0001315988,0.002623979,0.0002179996,0.00003077101,0.0002888895,0.0001433962,0.8632348,0.1069652,0.003769578,0.0002357632,0.0221515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001420957,0.0002118238,0.001507769,0.000002947714,0.000007181178,0.00005250243,0.00001722918,0.9863313,0.01101427,0.0003124982,0.0005180364,0.00001021484],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8746592,0.000413728,0.1123432,0.00008883413,0.00002674207,0.00007365851,0.00005406387,0.0005060104,0.01183463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907129,0.00008246882,0.007858236,0.000006478755,0.00000435621,0.00002515365,0.00003167704,0.00002991136,0.001248789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001663489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005564868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.018591246551102,"score_gpt":0.2378191858785711,"score_spread":0.2192279393274691,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}