{"id":"W2179060044","doi":"10.1115/ipc2006-10436","title":"Mechanical Properties of Cold Bend Pipes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 1: Project Management; Design and Construction; Environmental Issues; GIS/Database Development; Innovative Projects and Emerging Issues; Operations and Maintenance; Pipelining in Northern Environments; Standards and Regulations","topic":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Bauschinger effect; Materials science; Composite material; Bending; Structural engineering; Material properties; Cold-formed steel; Strain hardening exponent; Buckling; Tension (geology); Yield (engineering); Pure bending; Bending moment; Ultimate tensile strength; Plasticity; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006229916,0.0004582934,0.0005051318,0.0004587598,0.0006597518,0.0001452567,0.0001034232,0.0001413016,0.00003944725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002090166,0.0003999186,0.000038322,0.0004917229,0.000840229,0.0005499719,0.0002101209,0.0002860291,0.000001326657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001750729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004082701,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005846015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004023814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974983,0.000111945,0.0008831476,0.0006866201,0.0004065516,0.0004133941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994867,0.00002558329,0.0001271354,0.000238096,0.00005070891,0.00007171266],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001166083,0.001970119,0.2473445,0.004824837,0.00471321,0.0001677054,0.05054831,0.083843,0.2173756,0.08359496,0.002606181,0.3018455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01300091,0.0009676557,0.1452286,0.004328202,0.001174883,0.000339012,0.1112218,0.3943757,0.0609265,0.002027772,0.2596309,0.006777998],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9499831,0.004547419,0.0430719,0.0002783431,0.0001332706,0.001443175,0.0002048573,0.00008284759,0.0002550468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.930696,0.0074648,0.05963182,0.00002727102,0.0000457721,0.0001823907,0.0001673696,0.00004665949,0.001737957],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3105327,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01216921930346334,"score_gpt":0.2222513051283541,"score_spread":0.2100820858248908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}