{"id":"W2179060044","doi":"10.1115/ipc2006-10436","title":"Mechanical Properties of Cold Bend Pipes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 1: Project Management; Design and Construction; Environmental Issues; GIS/Database Development; Innovative Projects and Emerging Issues; Operations and Maintenance; Pipelining in Northern Environments; Standards and Regulations","topic":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Bauschinger effect; Materials science; Composite material; Bending; Structural engineering; Material properties; Cold-formed steel; Strain hardening exponent; Buckling; Tension (geology); Yield (engineering); Pure bending; Bending moment; Ultimate tensile strength; Plasticity; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005592544,0.0002839605,0.000251098,0.000725773,0.0003365221,0.0003775004,0.0003289736,0.0003354187,0.002624651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001746695,0.0002647513,0.0001291209,0.0008556907,0.0004943709,0.0004046296,0.0003311119,0.0002830836,0.0004977325],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002543367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002485522,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001457754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002517647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995407,0.00002929136,0.00003249307,0.00007470109,0.0002916274,0.00003123748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986488,0.0003033293,0.0002350786,0.0001566838,0.000569622,0.00008640012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002651832,0.00006534046,0.04261417,0.0002253684,0.00001884562,0.0004398622,0.001112278,0.01551022,0.8921902,0.0005199904,0.0005832028,0.04645541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001436829,0.001244407,0.6002637,0.00004245244,0.0000539081,0.0009113574,0.001372285,0.01315775,0.3715414,0.0003295074,0.01097994,0.00008888732],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901934,0.0001542882,0.005718952,0.00002188967,0.000006100947,0.00003290921,0.0007184276,0.00008196762,0.00307197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936097,0.0000916502,0.002200848,0.000007422693,0.000002256983,0.00002240683,0.000502377,0.00003093617,0.003532473],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002624651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00878036,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01216921930346334,"score_gpt":0.2222513051283541,"score_spread":0.2100820858248908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}