{"id":"W2179435008","doi":"10.1190/tle34060658.1","title":"How did hydraulic-fracturing operations in the Horn River Basin change seismicity patterns in northeastern British Columbia, Canada?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Leading Edge","topic":"earthquake and tectonic studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of British Columbia; Ocean Networks Canada Society; University of Victoria; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Induced seismicity; Hydraulic fracturing; Geology; Volume (thermodynamics); Seismology; Drainage basin; Structural basin; Magnitude (astronomy); Hydrology (agriculture); Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004581591,0.00009086584,0.0001582116,0.0000232028,0.0003509161,0.0005431225,0.0003158002,0.0000347124,0.00004182387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006050722,0.00007723469,0.00002619185,0.0001907543,0.00006425952,0.0002093112,0.0000241627,0.0002628367,0.00002926486],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002324454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008925911,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.993538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9998605,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989434,0.0001699128,0.0001290259,0.0001872034,0.0002361248,0.0003342766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995473,0.0001526654,0.00003002981,0.0001940042,0.00002131268,0.00005465554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000213197,0.000008040759,0.9658378,0.000004805986,0.000006068905,0.00005971695,0.003837302,0.0003200662,1.899203e-7,6.910582e-7,0.001881201,0.02804198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002126901,0.00002428663,0.9768908,0.00004265543,0.000005840492,0.00003030606,0.001439819,0.001808416,0.00000300755,0.00003736696,0.01939172,0.0001130735],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903648,0.0005481323,0.00001273079,0.006357253,0.0002810578,0.0002617197,0.0000618054,0.00001491021,0.002097521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953542,0.00005078418,0.000008685247,0.003274301,0.0002300417,0.000008906052,0.00002238694,0.000004069008,0.001046677],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02792891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5237343,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04150348848375761,"score_gpt":0.2134760909914478,"score_spread":0.1719726025076901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}