{"id":"W2180534399","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2015.10.001","title":"Micro-structural analysis of strength development in low- and high swelling clays stabilized with magnesium chloride solution — A green soil stabilizer","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Clay Science","topic":"Clay minerals and soil interactions","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Thailand Research Fund; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","keywords":"Bentonite; Magnesium; Compressive strength; Materials science; Clay minerals; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Scanning electron microscope; Soil water; Compaction; Mineralogy; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Composite material; Geology; Metallurgy; Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009302743,0.0001378225,0.00009548746,0.0002681546,0.0001267071,0.0001345498,0.000144868,0.0001860577,0.001612094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001276513,0.0001253975,0.0001832631,0.0001540502,0.0002429577,0.0001145419,0.00009074362,0.0002522391,0.0001183304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000182944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001106621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001713902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002843805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999198,0.000004963146,0.000003595355,0.00001729578,0.00003315323,0.00002130637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998832,0.00002322456,0.00003269353,0.000005618008,0.00003537886,0.00001990249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008580429,0.000008456675,0.0006546864,0.00001885106,0.000005894895,0.00003119211,0.0000231843,0.0004484758,0.9977528,0.00004917942,0.00002717412,0.0008942441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008202744,0.000214603,0.02142108,0.000003224733,0.00002531924,0.00007184264,0.00009133049,0.007568622,0.969992,0.00003580679,0.0005555904,0.00001239595],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983553,0.0001461382,0.0007600629,0.00001437729,0.000005727991,0.000005148075,0.0001180004,0.00002077367,0.0005743715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999278,0.00003851108,0.000276585,0.000006201908,0.00000140585,0.000003408811,0.00005337111,0.000002991939,0.0003395468],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001713902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005393028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01672410855652699,"score_gpt":0.2485511584654363,"score_spread":0.2318270499089093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}