{"id":"W2185064799","doi":"","title":"Police/Public Interaction: Arrests, Use of Force by Police, and Resulting Injuries to Subjects and Officers— A Description of Risk in One Major","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Law enforcement; Officer; Police department; Deadly force; Criminology; Law; Political science; Metropolitan police; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006403314,0.00007546006,0.0001714782,0.0003026857,0.0002054291,0.00005880967,0.00009486431,0.00007793083,0.00001996106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000612865,0.00007009885,0.00002080518,0.0006027019,0.0003638216,0.000705231,0.00006884034,0.0001329667,0.00000166855],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005788907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001279326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4214839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1597004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987275,0.000237577,0.0002519026,0.0001851051,0.0003059849,0.0002919479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990795,0.0004012121,0.0001080474,0.0001024977,0.0001442099,0.0001644961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002505966,0.0001223414,0.8677472,0.00004398585,0.00001705773,3.130033e-7,0.1171452,0.000002162562,0.007922962,0.001557387,0.0007252236,0.00446558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001045952,0.0003247312,0.8605387,0.0002620498,0.00001562466,0.00000268135,0.1274092,0.0001259611,0.007691046,0.0002096338,0.002091497,0.0002829203],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972709,0.0000649401,0.00005338726,0.0005288251,0.00002702304,0.0002138871,0.00001624119,0.00001602302,0.001808716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979833,0.0008732467,0.0004641757,0.00003766009,0.0000390163,0.000006582729,0.000002436264,0.000005709857,0.0005878835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2617835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8556328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1173406179074089,"score_gpt":0.349999774325992,"score_spread":0.2326591564185831,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}