{"id":"W2185087557","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v5n6p157","title":"Concepts of Borrowings in Modern Science of Linguistics, Reasons of Borrowed Words and Some of Their Theoretical Problems in General Linguistics","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Cultural, Linguistic, Economic Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Typology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Linguistics; Linguistic typology; Theoretical linguistics; Sociology; Historical linguistics; Philosophy; Anthropology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003427069,0.000195852,0.0007820038,0.000526045,0.00004457222,0.00003623998,0.000875501,0.0001349662,0.000009958874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.4949144,0.0001826824,0.0001228804,0.0003515485,0.003341097,0.00005355886,0.0002389896,0.0003481139,1.313627e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002874608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001221777,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007158091,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003255667,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965143,0.0001408147,0.0017845,0.0002356878,0.001008765,0.0003159632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9616721,0.001023615,0.001649916,0.0001829566,0.03527831,0.0001931519],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000212391,0.0003937591,0.06756042,0.00008064936,0.0001206866,0.00001738321,0.06748197,0.002973009,0.0002148335,0.860492,0.0002434415,0.0002094322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01210346,0.001776085,0.02010972,0.005513314,0.0004380465,0.000007620131,0.0883714,0.01439847,0.01797511,0.7915579,0.04611628,0.001632609],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9067298,0.001776888,0.0001174592,0.00005736071,0.01793284,0.0003139437,0.0002114821,0.00001367788,0.07284661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905905,0.0003841234,0.003789115,0.00001882263,0.005174349,0.000001545957,0.000003190854,0.00001652371,0.00002187076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4914873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0315674007314806,"score_gpt":0.3338389994178201,"score_spread":0.3022715986863395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}