{"id":"W2188312730","doi":"","title":"The Canadian Underground Economy: An Examination of Giles and Tedds","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Benchmarking; Economics; Economy; Econometric model; Econometrics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001013134,0.00006245058,0.0001100567,0.0001074123,0.0004821276,0.00009104087,0.000120524,0.00003201455,0.00002194648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003157232,0.00005632146,0.0000281177,0.00006868147,0.00006162238,0.0002496239,0.000009659248,0.000284088,0.00002071748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006940864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003442929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003821749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5674675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990348,0.00001528996,0.0002533878,0.0001026173,0.00001735262,0.0005765331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995581,0.00002249009,0.0002352569,0.00008976058,0.00003661183,0.00005780389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002072666,0.000008500981,0.006566564,0.000001034511,0.00003845433,5.967539e-8,0.0001862797,0.00001823081,8.997015e-7,0.9599182,0.00004261907,0.03321711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003528297,0.0001440979,0.1975649,0.000003805576,0.000004835547,0.00004444611,0.002176826,0.0005944865,0.000005629636,0.6741187,0.1248538,0.0001357056],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7789639,0.03391246,0.00292825,0.01310018,0.0002618995,0.0001903402,0.00001667167,0.00001997404,0.1706063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942293,0.003866205,0.00003995745,0.0001014267,0.0001189148,0.000002887872,0.000001271647,0.00000666981,0.001633387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5636457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5777366,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01933661233327482,"score_gpt":0.2161531980368555,"score_spread":0.1968165857035806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}