{"id":"W2190838552","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2015.11.004","title":"Upstream roughness and Reynolds number effects on turbulent flow structure over forward facing step","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Reynolds number; Freestream; Turbulence; Mechanics; Boundary layer; Surface finish; Upstream (networking); Materials science; Surface roughness; Geometry; Physics; Mathematics; Composite material; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001410884,0.0002056068,0.0002519463,0.0001290262,0.00003298222,0.0001245552,0.0001598985,0.0001080441,0.0000366456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003049006,0.0001647748,0.00007845722,0.00004865848,0.00002356861,0.0002476686,0.00004124918,0.0002576102,0.000005462827],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001170832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002188585,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001186944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007464323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988769,0.00002189574,0.0003135788,0.0001357236,0.000475587,0.0001763291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999436,0.00006567022,0.00003677563,0.00009693469,0.0001719299,0.0001926894],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001133894,0.0001881101,0.03203395,0.00027633,0.001831878,0.00133817,0.002703314,0.7349619,0.009295003,0.001957283,0.04436825,0.1699119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002536073,0.0001974815,0.00369653,0.0002784549,0.00004675892,0.0008120541,0.00002623013,0.9809499,0.001540522,0.0008552853,0.008794227,0.000266489],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991988,0.001022439,0.00353269,0.0003515903,0.002423873,0.00008805304,0.00003873286,0.00002860236,0.0005260268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964061,0.0003358016,0.002246006,0.0001693561,0.0007211396,0.000001656097,0.00001401226,0.00002980243,0.00007616325],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.245988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6719322,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005423207028820001,"score_gpt":0.2216758543315784,"score_spread":0.2162526473027584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}