{"id":"W2209508297","doi":"10.3934/energy.2015.4.760","title":"Qualitative and kinetic analysis of torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass using DSC-TGA-FTIR","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIMS energy","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Torrefaction; Thermogravimetric analysis; Lignocellulosic biomass; Biomass (ecology); Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Pyrolysis; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Lignin; Agronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003243777,0.0005721677,0.000438314,0.000848006,0.0002147442,0.0002642333,0.0002868377,0.0002666542,0.001155733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002677234,0.0001807289,0.0005077457,0.00115635,0.0001717413,0.0004345564,0.0001360186,0.0004744573,0.0002694011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002379146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001927149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001387476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002473114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996647,0.00002541923,0.0000205169,0.00005743613,0.0001991725,0.0000328212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998546,0.00003262681,0.00002510039,0.00001065732,0.00006940526,0.000007627465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006541279,0.00001295365,0.0005813611,0.0001397023,0.00001271082,0.00004458332,0.0000623655,0.0004174277,0.9948736,0.0000523522,0.00003191954,0.003705545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002580911,0.00008747182,0.00795215,0.00001163062,0.00002305502,0.0001074501,0.00009008818,0.002488919,0.9880675,0.0000460028,0.001107703,0.00001541595],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9737971,0.00267936,0.01840168,0.00004529448,0.00003735458,0.00005955983,0.002216809,0.0001260088,0.002636813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741483,0.002572611,0.01712976,0.0000368965,0.00001071613,0.0001004126,0.002587654,0.00007516378,0.003338499],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001387476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003866315,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03466503423595561,"score_gpt":0.2785923545640138,"score_spread":0.2439273203280582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}