{"id":"W2209508297","doi":"10.3934/energy.2015.4.760","title":"Qualitative and kinetic analysis of torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass using DSC-TGA-FTIR","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIMS energy","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Torrefaction; Thermogravimetric analysis; Lignocellulosic biomass; Biomass (ecology); Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Pyrolysis; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Lignin; Agronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008650735,0.00009981903,0.000250864,0.0002411414,0.000008515608,0.00000466951,0.00007207927,0.00007293223,0.00002519764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003418699,0.00009686896,0.00005492442,0.0007317654,0.00006186345,0.00007694501,0.0000275959,0.00002708601,7.39315e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003998013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001377916,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004394868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001856709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993808,0.00003043121,0.0002251612,0.0001198416,0.0001417541,0.0001020623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995371,0.00008362181,0.00007802238,0.0001271112,0.0001019868,0.00007214636],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001267058,0.00001485975,0.0001975077,0.00006487531,0.0003780506,6.574968e-7,0.001242449,0.001328218,0.9955222,0.0003601221,0.00005032564,0.0008280578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001801297,0.00003257388,0.0001331719,0.00001631002,0.0002749747,7.132053e-7,0.0008869039,0.01078126,0.9871206,0.0003054368,0.0001595685,0.0001083315],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963602,0.0008198051,0.002304263,0.000009100513,0.00007932141,0.00001628994,0.00001132632,0.00004256211,0.0003571762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992524,0.00002908542,0.0006480496,0.000006095293,0.00001205938,0.000001625388,0.00001313439,0.00001278634,0.00002476128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009453046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3950202,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03466503423595561,"score_gpt":0.2785923545640138,"score_spread":0.2439273203280582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}