{"id":"W2210089237","doi":"10.1353/hpn.2015.0138","title":"Second Language Acquisition of Spanish /e/ and /ei/ by Native English Speakers","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hispania","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Diphthong; Pronunciation; Linguistics; Formant; Psychology; Articulation (sociology); Contrast (vision); American English; Speech production; Place of articulation; Second-language acquisition; First language; Computer science; Vowel; Consonant; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000691048,0.0002625998,0.0002370756,0.0004064609,0.0003169182,0.0007397323,0.0001446504,0.0003321873,0.001098287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002262463,0.000241534,0.0001656036,0.0001382604,0.0003882158,0.0003947528,0.0005631528,0.0004020531,0.0003147175],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001634198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002027562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004235626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006063954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996803,0.00005991388,0.00002593897,0.00008709948,0.00008311883,0.00006366879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990608,0.0002446292,0.0001888507,0.00006275042,0.0002296614,0.0002133023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000710318,0.001066752,0.8626906,0.00006343039,0.00007112864,0.001753519,0.04607635,0.00005137142,0.0659904,0.0001899644,0.0001919311,0.02114438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000123714,0.0008540915,0.979432,0.00001085222,0.00001826318,0.001389855,0.01498696,0.00006333936,0.002429382,0.00005048766,0.0007375355,0.00001488106],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997448,0.00002133792,0.0000169168,0.000003355126,0.000001501131,0.000001914108,0.00000917191,0.000001003685,0.0001999006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991729,0.00005436668,0.00007647593,0.00001912859,0.000002213415,0.000005646873,0.00004489421,0.000002342798,0.0006219623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004235626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008421957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02008835782887449,"score_gpt":0.30963680723055,"score_spread":0.2895484494016756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}