{"id":"W221616279","doi":"","title":"Beyond the Ballot Box: Social Groups and Voting in Democratic Polities","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard international review","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ballot; Voting; Democracy; Political economy; Politics; Voting behavior; Political science; Straight-ticket voting; Disapproval voting; Latin Americans; Split-ticket voting; Development economics; Sociology; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006371196,0.0000628608,0.0001397322,0.00002449727,0.0003351905,0.00003668124,0.0001419904,0.00003177067,0.0003748814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005071393,0.00004642361,0.00004611062,0.0001072643,0.0001738671,0.0001655558,0.00002691735,0.00009242917,0.00009392995],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009679496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006541985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002944168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002465554,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988853,0.0002402486,0.0002611412,0.0001017635,0.0003134715,0.000198031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959,0.0001784419,0.0000675457,0.00003707074,0.00007736711,0.00004958994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001575923,0.00001385663,0.03561457,0.00008124184,0.000009196471,0.000002597082,0.001194793,1.897149e-7,0.000007510622,0.9556516,0.006086164,0.001336682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003335859,0.00003833209,0.4328826,0.001179351,0.00003998189,0.00002118694,0.000422175,0.0001673385,0.00001121342,0.05447301,0.5101142,0.0003170308],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6358972,0.01181389,0.0002325059,0.1165652,0.001347378,0.001438622,0.00002749029,0.0001048399,0.2325729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931023,0.001941395,0.00001855319,0.002755346,0.0004660034,0.00003837472,0.000004843384,0.000004476298,0.00166867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9011786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4450721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05781540891067687,"score_gpt":0.3554866512371244,"score_spread":0.2976712423264475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}