{"id":"W2218959226","doi":"10.5539/ass.v11n27p53","title":"Collaborative Learning and Skills of Problem-based Learning: A Case of Nigerian Secondary Schools Chemistry Students","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Teamwork; Mathematics education; Psychology; Cooperative learning; Collaborative learning; Constructive; Higher-order thinking; Problem-based learning; Intervention (counseling); Process (computing); Pedagogy; Chemistry; Teaching method; Computer science; Cognitively Guided Instruction","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001965779,0.0004929749,0.0005782366,0.00110647,0.0114596,0.003705092,0.00165449,0.003063034,0.002129789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003986973,0.000515221,0.0005331989,0.0009237992,0.004438274,0.001611974,0.003440709,0.002951667,0.0005286565],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002778983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00295664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006951184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01684535,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997549,0.001270764,0.00009588385,0.0001992129,0.0003226592,0.0005625969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975417,0.0007178258,0.0002677445,0.0001024469,0.0001657637,0.001204459],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000112065,0.003189003,0.02544708,0.0002182535,0.00001563211,0.0691548,0.8686116,0.0004425774,0.001964186,0.004540568,0.001531558,0.02477273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000649719,0.000865548,0.02218764,0.0002381874,0.00003309821,0.03301039,0.9084843,0.001819198,0.002146846,0.003010487,0.0280812,0.00005805068],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935253,0.0001872064,0.0007764373,0.0009551781,0.00002005127,0.00006796356,0.000007684666,0.000006819797,0.004453395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941489,0.0003917522,0.001185425,0.000295381,0.00001713155,0.00004216059,0.000009580654,0.000008336177,0.003901403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0114596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020163,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01726836262843165,"score_gpt":0.395577815216924,"score_spread":0.3783094525884924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}