{"id":"W2220543312","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.024","title":"How Abstract is Arithmetic?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Arithmetic; Encoding (memory); Context (archaeology); Cognitive architecture; Notation; Representation (politics); Computer science; Cognition; Independence (probability theory); Linguistics; Mathematics; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003086048,0.00036554,0.0002777308,0.0006998639,0.0005099458,0.003518028,0.0003356103,0.0007382038,0.01131104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001799887,0.0001402256,0.0001676583,0.0008365625,0.00464243,0.003642253,0.0007222851,0.001707595,0.003610815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001193574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000965737,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002234095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001866827,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997327,0.0000736298,0.00001243202,0.00005547246,0.0001082761,0.00001752953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996332,0.0002009992,0.00002200802,0.0000374768,0.00007247767,0.00003383403],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003014438,0.00001818437,0.000410847,0.0004213857,0.000009807261,0.00008766062,0.002668297,0.0004581128,0.000674727,0.7337884,0.07594755,0.1854849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003852175,0.00001200151,0.001105434,0.0005510083,0.000004137008,0.0002048618,0.0007588528,0.0002693615,0.0001766311,0.3778322,0.6190733,0.000008266259],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.006669349,0.1480579,0.00917416,0.03802913,0.004409661,0.0000243512,0.0001735796,0.000194283,0.7932676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.35129,0.2015924,0.009011309,0.01399939,0.01017362,0.00007951724,0.0004889144,0.0002227177,0.4131423],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01131104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03783917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04369475582846905,"score_gpt":0.235341920424832,"score_spread":0.191647164596363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}