{"id":"W2221296519","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2015.114","title":"Controlling biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes through surface modification via grafting patterned polymer brushes","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Biofouling; Membrane; Chemical engineering; Fouling; Adhesion; Grafting; Reverse osmosis; Thin-film composite membrane; Contact angle; Materials science; Polyelectrolyte; Polymer; Polymer chemistry; Chemistry; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001469243,0.0003571892,0.0002005304,0.0001721118,0.0001129052,0.0002452238,0.0001840973,0.0002860836,0.0003109755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002286514,0.0001828942,0.0002251622,0.000135111,0.0001778314,0.0002749402,0.0001930209,0.00028084,0.0001716439],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001968354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001163309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002780763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004722132,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998765,0.00001343282,0.00001026568,0.00003169379,0.00004305174,0.00002508166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999902,0.00002607022,0.00002989068,0.000008192288,0.0000225409,0.00001122793],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005947672,0.000003714937,0.00002842627,0.00001455804,0.000001396781,0.00001056347,0.00000477686,0.00003890412,0.9992546,0.00001765059,0.0000064603,0.0006128568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000025833,0.00003440727,0.0004037823,0.000001403393,0.000003607503,0.0000236585,0.000003946191,0.0006899142,0.998497,0.000009081326,0.0003283034,0.000002274915],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891497,0.0009892387,0.008739523,0.00005101533,0.00003059617,0.00003177371,0.00006067125,0.0000898979,0.0008575587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867238,0.001190958,0.01098421,0.0000445846,0.00001254218,0.0000333807,0.00005379263,0.00001900084,0.0009377607],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0003571892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001428127,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04113392173664891,"score_gpt":0.2702493681265414,"score_spread":0.2291154463898925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}